| It is undoubtedly true that English is an
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| | Dialect leveling often
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| international language and it is the most
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| | occurred. As a result, pidgins and
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| widespread language on earth. . It is
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| | creoles developed and new varieties
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| spoken in many parts of the world, yet
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| | of English emerged.Different patterns of
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| with various degrees of differences in
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| | colonial activity and their effects on
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| grammar, pronunciation or vocabulary. How
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| | English
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| do these varieties arise? When we
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| | According to David Graddol et al., there
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| take a close look at the history in the
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| | were three types of
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| last few centuries, it is
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| | English colony, each of them having
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| certain that the varieties of English
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| | different effects on the
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| have a close relationship with
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| | development of English. In the first
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| the colonial activity in this period.
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| | type, exemplified by America and
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| Until the late sixteenth century English
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| | Australia, substantial settlement by
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| was not spoken anywhere
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| | first-language speakers of
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| outside the British Isles. The spread of
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| | English displaced the pre-colonial
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| English beyond the British
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| | population. In the second, typified
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| Isles resulted from the spread of the
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| | by Nigeria, sparser colonial settlements
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| English-speaking people through
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| | maintained the pre-colonial
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| colonial activity.
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| | population in subjection and allowed a
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| As English-speaking colonies were
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| | proportion of them access to
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| established, English came into
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| | learning English as a second, or
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| contact with indigenous languages of the
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| | additional, language. The third type,
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| pre-colonial population. Very
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| | exemplified by the Caribbean islands of
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| often speakers in these communities tend
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| | Barbados and Jamica. Here, a
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| to incorporate many
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| | pre-colonial population was replaced by
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| linguistic features from their first
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| | new labor from elsewhere,
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| language when speaking the new
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| | principally West Africa.North America
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| one. Besides, there was diversity in the
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| | In 1607 the first British colony was
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| language used by the
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| | established in Jamestown.
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| English-speaking settlers themselves.
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